阿曼金融牌照资料
申请、维护与出让收购

获准活动：仅可在许可明确范围内经营银行业务。银行名称/业务须受许可约束；受监管非银行机构不得因从事个别类银行相关活动而吸收存款。数字银行及伊斯兰银行有新法/专门监管框架，应先按具体模式确认适用许可。

申请条件

CBO公开许可说明要求审查股权和控制结构、重要股东及受益所有人、董事和高级管理人员适格性、战略及运营计划、风险管理和控制职能、资本、财务预测与财力。外国银行分行须另核对母行身份、母国监管及阿曼分支条件。可访问的现行原文未提供一个可适用于所有新设申请的统一最低资本数字，故不能援用旧网页资本数字作承诺；应在预沟通中取得新法及类别规则下的书面资本口径。

申请资料

应准备CBO正式申请及拟申请类别说明；公司/母行和章程资料；完整股权链、最终受益所有人、关联方、控制权及资金来源证明；董事、高管和重要股东履历、诚信和适格证明；业务与战略计划、财务预测和资本证明；风险管理、内控、法遵、AML/CFT、审计、IT/网络安全、业务连续性及客户保护安排；组织架构、关键控制岗位和本地运营方案。CBO会按个案要求补充，所列为项目底稿清单而非穷尽法定表格。

递交与开业

先与CBO确认新设银行、外国分行、伊斯兰/数字银行及拟营业务的具体许可类别；完成股东适格、资金来源、资本、业务计划和治理方案；依当期表格递交正式申请并回应补件、访谈或检查；取得正式许可及其条件后落实资本、人员、系统、场所、控制和监管报送；只有CBO确认满足开业条件后，才按获批范围开展业务。公开材料未给出一体适用的审批期限，不作时限保证。

持续维护

持续符合银行法、CBO监管规则与个别许可条件，维护审慎资本/流动性、治理、风险控制、AML/CFT、审计、消费者保护、IT安全、监管报送及检查配合。2025年新法规定此前签发的许可在其有效期届满前继续有效，但续期依新法办理，既有持牌机构须在生效后六个月内整改，CBO董事会可延长，最多再延两次；不冲突的既有规则/通函在新规则发布前继续适用。该过渡条款并非新申请的豁免。

控制权变更

CBO许可网页明确，影响许可基础的重大变化须事前批准，包括章程修订、实收资本变化、重大股权或控制权变化、合并及整合。另须预先确认董事/高管等变更是否需批准或适格审查。股权买卖不能绕过CBO批准，银行许可不能脱离持牌实体单独出售。对交易协议应以监管批准、买方适格及资金来源核验为先决条件。

获准活动：依据CBO批准仅在获准场所经营兑换及获准汇款/汇票业务。CBO初步批准条件的活动代码为661201 Exchange Shops，要求独立法人；不得未经许可在核准场所以外经营。公开材料反映兑换与汇款服务可能有类别差别，不能假设单纯兑换许可包含汇款，也不能以支付科技或普通商业登记替代。

申请条件

CBO 2024 Money Services Business Regulation supersedes/repeals the 1997 framework. It specifies minimum capital continuously maintained of OMR 50,000 for foreign-currency exchange and OMR 1,000,000 for remittances; the CBO Board may set another amount and may add capital for branches/new services/wage-payment services. Exchange activity is licensed to sole proprietorships and companies wholly owned by Omanis (the regulation also refers to remittance licensees); remittance activity is licensed to Omani companies wholly owned by Omanis or partnered with non-Omanis at ownership ratios set by the Board. Natural/legal persons who own, found or hold at least 5% in an applicant must meet CBO fit-and-proper criteria, including integrity, age 25+, relevant experience, financial/credit, insolvency and AML-related criteria; the test also applies to new owners of licensees. Separate CBO financial guarantees are OMR 5,000 or more for foreign exchange and OMR 100,000 or more for remittance, with additional guarantees possible. These 2024 provisions resolve the old 15,000/500,000 vs 50,000 figures as to the regulatory base text; any later Board-set amount, foreign ownership ratio, forms/instructions and individual CBO conditions still require current confirmation [12].

申请资料

Apply on CBO's prescribed form after the fee is paid; attach the form-specific materials. The 2024 regulation expressly calls for applicant CV/contact and identity details; activity nature/scope; a feasibility study with proposed name/legal form/capital, strategy, five-year forecasts and assumptions, branch plan for the first three years (except pure FX exchange), risk assessment/SWOT, computerized-systems summary, and bank/remittance-provider arrangements (except pure FX exchange); a licensed-bank certificate showing required capital; business plan/management structure and development; other business interests of principal founders; audited accounts for the last three years of entities in which principal founders own/control at least 10%; and founders' written undertakings on legal compliance, independent registration/professional management, CBO inspection and records, AML/CFT instructions and further information. Confirm the latest form and CBO instructions because the regulation delegates documents and forms to CBO [12]. The earlier CBO in-principle conditions also identify the practical final-stage file: commercial and Chamber registration, shareholder IDs/passports, constitutional documents, capital bank evidence/provenance, security deposit, office lease/contact details, police/fire security confirmation, principal officer CV and signatory list, board-approved AML/HR/IT/customer-protection policies and organization chart, tentative go-live date, and shareholder undertakings [3].

递交与开业

First map the proposal to the 2024 categories: foreign currency exchange, remittance, or wage-payment services, including electronic delivery; confirm eligibility/legal form, foreign ownership ratio (where applicable), any updated Board capital and prescribed form with CBO. Submit the prescribed application, fee and Article 7 documents; the regulation says CBO decides within 90 days from receipt of a complete qualifying application, and no response within that period is deemed acceptance. License term is three years. Start public service within six months or the license is automatically cancelled unless CBO extends; renewal request is due three months before expiry, and an expired license is suspended pending renewal and deemed cancelled if not renewed within three months after expiry. Branches require prior CBO approval; an exchange-only licensee may not establish more than one branch. Before opening, satisfy capital/guarantee, premises, board/management, AML, systems and any further CBO conditions. No general pre-application meeting is prescribed in the accessed text; request CBO classification and written confirmation as a prudent project step, not statutory process [12]. The older in-principle sheet's OMR 70 fee/OMR 5,000 deposit should not be represented as current total conditions without confirming the 2024 fee schedule and applicable CBO instructions [3] [12].

持续维护

Maintain the applicable capital and guarantee continuously; CBO may require added capital for branches/new services/wage payments and additional case-specific financial guarantees. Obtain prior CBO approval for board/CEO/general manager/compliance/internal auditor appointments and other designated roles; correspondent/cash arrangements, outsourcing, operational arrangement changes, investments outside permitted bank deposits/sovereign instruments, and branch establishment/closure/transfer have approval rules. Apply AML/CFT policy, client identification, internal/external audit, annual audited financial statements within 60 days of year end, records/reporting as CBO directs, and approved customer-facing pricing/receipts. Prior written approval is expressly required for change of legal form, shareholders or ownership structure, name/brand, capital reduction, pledge of assets, merger/joint venture and constitutional amendments; principal shareholders must retain their holding for at least three years from commencement, subject to CBO's rules/consents. These are 2024 regulation provisions, not merely generic change-management advice [12].

控制权变更

The 2024 regulation is explicit: no change of legal form, shareholders or ownership structure, merger/joint venture, capital reduction or specified constitutional changes without CBO prior written approval (Art. 23); the new owner/shareholder must meet the Article 6 fit-and-proper test, which applies to 5%+ owners/founders (Art. 6). A principal shareholder is defined as 10%+ and must retain its participation for at least three years from commencement (Arts. 1, 24). The license and its rights/obligations may not be assigned, wholly or partly, without prior written CBO approval and prescribed fee; assignment requests are subject to the licensing rules (Art. 17). Hence a share sale is not an automatic permit transfer, and an asset/business transfer is not a substitute. Obtain CBO written approval before signing/closing as applicable; identify shareholder eligibility, foreign ownership ratio, funds source, management, operating model and financing. Statutory timing for CBO's approval of requests under this chapter is 90 days from a complete request, with silence deemed acceptance (Art. 20); the relevant request type/form still must be confirmed [12].

获准活动：FSA列举的证券行业活动包括证券推广/承销或证券投资融资、参与设立或增资、证券交易存管清算结算、设立和管理证券组合及投资基金、证券经纪，以及信托账户管理和证券托管。2026年证券法执行规章将资本市场机构及证券行业实体置于详细许可和持续监管框架内，并引入投资银行监管活动。活动边界须依现行规章和最终许可逐项确定。

申请条件

须以具备相应治理、股东和管理层适格性、财务资源、风险管理、内控、运营及技术能力的申请主体递交；具体实体形式、最低资本、人员配置、客户资产保护和资格标准依2026年执行规章所列具体活动类别及FSA当期表格核验。FSA在2026年7月的正式公告确认规章包含资本要求，但本次可访问公告未列各类别具体金额，本文不猜测金额。商业银行原则上须通过法律上独立实体经营受监管证券活动；托管、信托和承销有公告所述例外。

申请资料

应向FSA确认当期申请表和细则，并准备公司注册/章程、股权及受益所有权、控制人资金来源、董事和高级管理人员适格资料、申请活动及客户类型、业务/财务计划、资本证明、组织结构、风险管理/合规/内审制度、AML/CFT方案、客户资产及利益冲突管理、交易/托管/清算系统、信息安全与业务连续性、外包及供应商安排、场地和关键人员履历。若经营基金或集合投资计划，还需另行确认基金设立、管理人及服务商各自的申请材料。具体材料清单随类别及新规实施表格变化。

递交与开业

先将拟提供服务逐一映射到证券法及执行规章下的机构/实体类别，并向FSA核实2026年新规的实施表格和资本标准；确定本地独立主体及股东、管理层、合规与技术架构；提交类别对应许可申请、支持资料和费用，回应FSA补件、适格审查或系统核验；获得许可并落实资本、关键人员、合规控制及相关市场基础设施安排；完成FSA所要求的开业前事项后，只在许可明确范围内开展业务。2026年7月26日发布的FSA公告称，执行规章自刊载于当日《官方公报》之次日起生效；存量资本市场机构及证券行业实体须在生效日起六个月内规范状态，银行相关活动一般有最长三年调整期，但托管、信托和承销适用例外。

持续维护

按新执行规章及FSA许可持续履行资本与风险报告、治理、市场/信用/操作风险管理、业务连续性、客户及市场行为、AML/CFT、审计、记录、披露和监管报告义务。FSA公告说明原有指引、表格和通函在新配套文件发布前继续适用，但以不与《证券法》或新执行规章冲突为限。基金管理还须遵循基金设立、治理、服务商、投资者披露和资产保管要求。不能把正在适用的六个月/三年存量整改宽限解释为新设申请豁免。

控制权变更

该类许可按受监管实体和许可活动发出，不可脱离主体自由转让。交易各方须在签署或交割前向FSA书面核实控制人/股东变更、董事高管更换、资本变化、合并、业务转让和授权范围变化的事前批准、无异议或通知要求；已访问的FSA公告未提供通用股权比例阈值或变更时限，不能宣称低于某比例即免批。合同交割条件应纳入FSA书面许可路径及买方适格审查。

获准活动：仅可依FSA签发的保险经纪许可及相应类别开展保险经纪，不应把保险经纪与保险承保机构、代理人或跨境保险承保混为一谈。阿曼政府服务页要求商业登记上的经营活动限于保险经纪。

申请条件

FSA licenses a juristic person in one of three categories: insurance broker, reinsurance broker, or both. Minimum paid-up capital is OMR 100,000. Founders, directors and executive management must not have been declared bankrupt or convicted of specified serious/dishonesty or listed commercial/financial-law offences during the preceding five years unless rehabilitated. A full-time manager and independent business office are required; the manager must satisfy E/19/2017 Article 7 as amended by Decision 87/2020, with qualification/experience thresholds differentiated between Omanis and expatriates. A professional indemnity policy is required at at least three times projected first-year income or OMR 100,000, whichever is higher, renewed annually; the prescribed financial deposit or bank guarantee is OMR 75,000 for insurance, OMR 150,000 for reinsurance and OMR 200,000 for both. In addition, ongoing minimum net-asset surplus is OMR 50,000 for either class or OMR 75,000 for combined business under the amended calculation. Do not treat the OMR 100,000 share capital alone as the complete financial condition [5] [13] [14].

申请资料

Regulation Article 6 requires the regulator's application form with company name/legal form/address; paid-up capital bank certificate; founder names/nationalities; board names/nationalities; application-fee receipt; declarations on specified five-year bankruptcy/conviction history; constitutive contract/articles and commercial registration limited to insurance brokerage plus Chamber certificate; authorized-signatory form; full-time manager details; employment/training/qualification plan; Oman-consultant-approved feasibility study; undertaking for an independent office; and other documents requested by FSA. The 2020 amendment adds company work rules/internal regulations to the constitutional/registration file and revises manager qualification and guarantee provisions. At the regulator's notice, submit professional indemnity cover, financial deposit or bank guarantee and granting fee, plus evidence of suitable premises. Current e-portal sections include broker details, FSA registration, equity capital, legal form, address and attachments; use its live attachment list rather than assuming a static checklist [5] [13] [14] [15].

递交与开业

Submit the relevant FSA form and initial documents for the precise category. If requirements or documents are incomplete, FSA notice gives 30 days to cure; otherwise the application is cancelled and a new filing cannot be made for three months. Once initial conditions are met, the applicant has up to 90 days from notice to supply financial guarantees/fees and evidence of an office. FSA's licensing decision is due within 60 days after all required information and conditions are complete; silence is deemed rejection. License lasts three years and renewal is requested at least 30 days before expiry. The broker must commence within six months; otherwise cancellation grounds apply. The government service page lists OMR 1,000 review fee and OMR 2,500 approval fee per brokerage category; regulation Article 39 also lists renewal/branch/detail-change fees, so verify current fee schedule at filing. The three-stage initial/final service presentation should be reconciled with the formal regulation and current e-portal [5] [13] [14] [15].

持续维护

Maintain the three-year license, annual professional-indemnity cover, class-specific guarantee/security and net-asset surplus, qualified full-time manager, and approved scope. E/19/2017 requires audited annual balance sheet/financial statements within 90 days after year-end, client funds in separate Insurance Brokerage Accounts, agreements and business/financial records, an accredited auditor, client service/disclosure and AML/CFT controls. Commence within six months; branches are only applied for after one year, subject to compliance and branch staffing/localization rules. Renewal request is at least 30 days pre-expiry under the regulation (verify current form and any later FSA instructions). A broker may not assign its register entry to another person; transfer is not an available standalone licence sale [13] [14].

控制权变更

The license/register entry cannot be assigned to another person; assignment is an express suspension/cancellation ground under E/19/2017 Article 28 as amended, so the licence is not separately transferable [13] [14]. Article 11 requires notification to FSA of any change in registered particulars. The accessed insurance broker regulation and amendment do not state a general shareholding-percentage threshold for advance approval of an equity sale; they do not support a claim that a share acquisition is automatically unrestricted either. Before any direct/indirect share deal, management replacement or business/portfolio transfer, obtain FSA's written determination of prior consent/notice, buyer suitability and register-update requirements; include this as a contractual condition, explicitly as prudent transaction advice pending written confirmation. A business transfer should not be framed as transferring the broker registration [13] [14] [15].

获准活动：2023年指引列出法币与虚拟资产兑换、不同虚拟资产间兑换、虚拟资产转移、保管/管理，以及与虚拟资产发行或发售相关金融服务。登记仅构成该指引下VASP名册及AML/CFT监督，不等同审慎牌照、支付机构许可、银行牌照、证券许可或对所有代币活动的批准。以虚拟资产开展支付或储值设施须先获CBO批准；匿名化/隐藏交易来源或受益人的虚拟资产不得经营。

申请条件

须登记的对象包括在阿曼设立的法人、在阿曼有营业场所的自然人，以及在阿曼提供或开展VASP服务的法人或自然人。申请人须披露服务内容、系统、受益所有人、持股超过10%的股东、管理职能人员、当地持牌银行往来安排、企业风险评估及AML/CFT政策。超过10%是指引明确的申请披露门槛，不可误当成股权变更审批阈值。

申请资料

名称、地址和营业地点；申请人受益所有人的姓名、地址、出生日期/地点及验证资料；持股超过10%的股东同类身份资料；管理职能人员身份资料；创办人、董事或合伙人董事会成员无犯罪记录证明；拟提供VASP服务说明；业务系统资料；法人商业登记证；企业AML/CFT风险评估、政策及程序；拟合作的阿曼持牌本地银行资料；FSA额外要求的原件或补充文件。提交信息发生变化须立即告知监管机关。

递交与开业

先把产品活动映射至指引五类服务，并筛查是否另涉及证券、支付/储值或其他许可；办理阿曼商业登记（如适用）并形成股权、UBO、管理层、系统、银行及风险控制文件；向FSA/其承接机关按现行渠道申请登记；只有完整资料后法定30日审查期才开始，指引称监管机关须在资料齐备后30日作出决定，逾期未批准视为拒绝；获准后进入公开登记册并取得登记证明；上线前验证VASP登记之外的并行许可和客户资金/托管控制。既有服务提供者依该指引须自生效日起三个月内调整状态。

持续维护

实施持续的企业AML/CFT风险识别、客户和受益所有人尽调、交易监控、可疑交易申报、记录及制裁筛查；保存并更新风险评估，确保可供FSA或其他主管机关检查；维护代理人清单，并确保代理人纳入同等AML计划和监督；遵守国家反恐委员会及联合国安理会制裁/防扩散决议。停止经营超过一年、获批后三个月未开始服务、破产清算、失去登记条件、未披露重大事实或违反指引均可能被注销；注销后须停止VASP服务。

控制权变更

登记实体须将所有权、结构、执行管理层或可能影响业务的变化告知FSA；指引文本规定须通知，但没有给出通用持股变更审批阈值或可先交割后补报的豁免。应在任何签约/交割前向FSA确认交易审批与登记更新程序。VASP登记不替代CBO支付/储值审批，也不当然涵盖证券活动。